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Introduction
Minnesota is now home to the largest Hmong population in the United States. The Hmong arrived in the United States following the Vietnam War, during which they fought for the U.S. against the communist armies of the Pathet Lao and the Viet Cong. After U.S. troop withdrawal in 1975, many Hmong were persecuted and killed for their efforts on behalf of American interests; many others fled to refugee camps, and from there emigrated to America without any preparation. They had to become “children” again, learning a new language in a new culture with new customs in the land of space ships and high technology. As many have remarked, “they really moved from the mountain to the moon.”